Area Optimisation of Two Stage Miller Compensated Op-Amp in 65 nm Using Hybrid PSO

Analog circuit design can be formulated as a non-linear constrained optimisation problem that solved using any suitable algorithms. Different techniques have been reported to reduce the time of analog circuits. A hybrid particle swarm algorithm with linearly decreasing inertia weight for is proposed in this study. The method used two-stage operational amplifier Miller compensation. results show substantially needed